Demographic Change Communal tensions – which, particularly in Lebanon, are also determined by conflicts and balances of power in the region, and in the world – are still high.
However, although there is a tendency to downplay the importance of religious differences, some Lebanese still identify more strongly with their own separate communities than with the Lebanese nation. Lebanon is considered a very youthful country. There, unemployment is extremely high, and children frequently drop out of school for a variety of reasons. The delicate balance between the groups is essential for the nation’s existence.
This codified way of power sharing comes on top of a traditional, more informal clan structure. On the other hand, the fertility rate (the number of births per woman) has decreased: 3.1 in 1990; 2.5 in 2000; 1.8 in 2008 and 1.7 in 2012. In the 1960s, the Jews in Lebanon were as many as 22,000, due to the arrival of Jews from Syria and Jordan, who were frightened both by the influx of Palestinian refugees in their countries after the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, and by the new, official Arab rhetoric and animosity against them. The Druze, persecuted by the Sunni Mamluks of Egypt, took refuge in the mountains of what is now Syria and Lebanon, where they established themselves mostly in and around the Chouf Mountains, east and south of Beirut.
In its report Millennium Development Goals, Lebanon Report, 2008, UNDP states: ‘In 1998, The Mapping of Living Conditions, that measured poverty using the Unsatisfied Basic Needs approach (UBN), estimated that one third of the resident Lebanese (34 percent) do not have their basic needs satisfied and were therefore considered to live in poverty. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot ( various years ), ( 5 ) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and ( 6 ) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme. Lebanon does not have a state religion. See National Survey of Households Living Conditions 2004-2005).
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According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), one in four were still living below the poverty line in 2004-2005, and 8 percent of the Lebanese population were living in extreme poverty. This was the case in the northern camp of Nahr al-Bared, where, in the spring of 2007, heavily armed Salafist Fatah al-Islam gunmen took control of the camp, before being defeated by the Lebanese military. The Ottomans, who ruled over the Middle East from the 16th to the early 20th century, did not always display tolerance towards non-Sunni Muslims. The overall rate is estimated at over 7.9 percent and it is particularly acute amongst the the Lebanese youth, aged 15-24 (48.4 percent of the unemployed), with young women far more adversely affected than young men. Explore the latest news and statistics on religion in Lebanon, including demographics, restrictions and more. When one of their leaders, the former Prime Minister Rafic Hariri was murdered in February 2005, many fingers pointed towards Syria.
A 2011 report by the Lebanese Information Center estimated that Muslims (including the Druze sect) made up 65.47 per cent of the population, while the different Christian sects made up 34.35 per cent. Socio-economic situation by area in Lebanon. On the other hand, unemployment is not only high among unskilled workers. Shiites do not recognize the Sunni caliphs as leaders of their community.
According to the CIA’s World Factbook, 57.7 per cent of the population is Muslim (28.8 per cent is Sunni, 28.4 per cent is Shiite and smaller percentages are Alawites and Ismailis), while Christians account for 36.2 per cent (Maronite Catholics, Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholics, other Christian sects), Druze 5.2 per cent and a small number of Jews. Today, ministers belonging to or allied with Hezbollah make up almost one-third of the cabinet posts. The name Druze probably derives from one of their first leaders, Muhammad al-Darazi.
( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. Today, the Maronites live scattered around the country, with a heavy concentration in Mount Lebanon and Beirut. In 2008, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was 10,880 USD. Palestinian refugees are distributed over 12 camps and 156 Palestinian gatherings in five governorates. An explanation is that Maronites generally belong to the middle class, are better educated (because of the Jesuit educational facilities in the country) and financially better off than the Shiites, who traditionally belonged to the ‘poorest of the poor’ of the country, with a high percentage of illiteracy (although this is changing). According to the population estimates for 2017, there is an equal number of males and females, with a relative increase in the number of males of about 10,000. Not all Lebanese share this view, however. During the French mandate (1920-1946) parliamentary seats and ministerial or administrative functions were to be divided between the religious communities in accordance with their size.
Palestinian refugees live in 12 camps and 156 gatherings, distributed over the five Lebanese governorates. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Palestinian refugees are subject to many employment restrictions. In 2018, 2.39 million people (38 per cent of the population of Lebanon) lived in the capital Beirut. In Lebanon there are twelve recognized Christian communities. Politically, Alawites are often close to mainstream Shia and to Hezbollah, possibly because both are linked to Syria.
During the 19th century, when their empire began to crumble, the Ottomans started to practise a policy of divide and rule, setting the communities against one another. This site uses cookies to optimize functionality and give you the best possible experience. Today, they number less than 200. Christianity is the second largest religion, accounting for about 40.5% of the total population of Lebanon. There is a huge disparity in the distribution of poverty with a heavy concentration in certain regions. However, they have their own rites and systems of beliefs and are often considered heterodox by both Sunni and Shia. Living conditions The total population in Lebanon was estimated at 6.9 million people in 2019, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. The Trading Economics Application Programming Interface (API) provides direct access to our data. Alawites are followers of the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law Ali and, as such, belong to the Shia branch of Islam.
"A certain amount of knowledge is necessary for wisdom, and without wisdom, knowledge is not only useless, it’s dangerous." In this respect, Lebanon takes pride in being one of the founding fathers of the League of Arab States. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Illiteracy is also higher in regions outside Beirut and Mount Lebanon, and occurs more frequently among females.
Some of these clashes developed into massacres, leaving deep wounds in the communities.
They tried to convert the Shiites. Get the latest update on the Coronavirus outbreak in the Middle East and North Africa. Here, dynasties of prominent families (like the Maan, the Chehab, the Jumblatt, and the Gemayel) represent (or, in the past, ruled) their communities. According to UNRWA, the United Nations Palestinian Refugee Agency, the camps suffer from a high level of poverty, overcrowding, unemployment, poor housing conditions and lack of infrastructure. The Maronites form by far the largest Christian community in the country.
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