The Turks, under Mustafa Kemal, rejected the treaty and fought the Turkish War of Independence, resulting in the abortion of that text, never ratified,[128] and the abolition of the Sultanate.
"[193] 69.4% of the respondents reported that they or their wives cover their heads (1.3% reporting chador), although this rate decreases in several demographics: 53% in ages 18–28, 27.5% in university graduates, 16.1% in masters-or-higher-degree holders. [185] There are also some estimated 10 to 15 million Alevi Muslims in Turkey. Ethnic Turks continue to inhabit certain regions of Greece, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Bulgaria since they first settled there during Ottoman period. [98] By the 12th century, Europeans had begun to call the Anatolian region "Turchia" or "Turkey", the land of the Turks. ^ d: This includes Turkish settlers. [20], A notable scale of Turkish migration to Australia began in the late 1940s when Turkish Cypriots began to leave the island of Cyprus for economic reasons, and then, during the Cyprus conflict, for political reasons, marking the beginning of a Turkish Cypriot immigration trend to Australia. While the legal use of the term "Turkish" as it pertains to a citizen of Turkey is different from the term's ethnic definition,[81][82] the majority of the Turkish population (an estimated 70–75 percent) is of Turkish ethnicity. [169] Furthermore, in 2001, the Baku Institute of Peace and Democracy suggested that there was between 90,000 and 110,000 Meskhetian Turks living in Azerbaijan. To mark the occasion, traditionally seen as the transition to a fully blooded male, a present like a memorable watch is given to the boy. In addition, a Turkish diaspora has been established with modern migration, particularly in Western Europe. The number of Turkish invaders was probably rather small and was genetically diluted by the large number of aborigines." By the early 1960s, migration to Western and Northern Europe increased significantly from Turkey when Turkish "guest workers" arrived under a "Labour Export Agreement" with Germany in 1961, followed by a similar agreement with the Netherlands, Belgium and Austria in 1964; France in 1965; and Sweden in 1967.
Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging to the Turkic subfamily of the Altaic family of languages. In 1071, the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert, beginning the enlargement of their empire and sphere of influence in Anatolia; the Turkish language and Islam were introduced to Anatolia and gradually spread over the region. It is natively spoken by the Turkish people in Turkey, Balkans, the island of Cyprus, Meskhetia, and other areas of traditional settlement that formerly, in whole or part, belonged to the Ottoman Empire.
A #Turkish lady making a traditional carpet by hand. [195], The largest autosomal study of Turkish genetics (on 16 individuals) concluded that the Turkish population form a cluster with Southern European populations and that the East Asian (presumably Central Asian) legacy to the Turkish people is estimated to be 21.7%. [115] Selim I dramatically expanded the empire's eastern and southern frontiers in the Battle of Chaldiran and gained recognition as the guardian of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
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^ i: A further 30,000 Bulgarian Turks live in Sweden. They are the largest ethnic group in Turkey, as well as by far the largest ethnic group among the Turkic peoples. Ethnic Turkish minorities exist in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire. [170] Overall, Ottoman architecture has been described as a synthesis of the architectural traditions of the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Turkish people or the Turks (Turkish: Türkler), also known as Anatolian Turks (Turkish: Anadolu Türkleri), are a Turkic ethnic group and nation living mainly in Turkey and speaking Turkish, the most widely spoken Turkic language. [150] In 1967, the governments of Australia and Turkey signed an agreement to allow Turkish citizens to immigrate to Australia. Although the Ottomans were only a small principality among the numerous Turkish beyliks, and thus posed the smallest threat to the Byzantine authority, their location in north-western Anatolia, in the former Byzantine province of Bithynia, became a fortunate position for their future conquests.
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