Douglass turned to a companion and said, "Whatever else this man may be, he is no friend of our race.". Here is the extended first look at Reconstruction: America After the Civil War. On a misty April evening in 1865, a jubilant crowd packed the White House lawn to hear President Abraham Lincoln first speech since the end of the Civil War.
BLIGHT: If the South was going to "rise again" so to speak, control it's own political life, control the freed people, indeed if the ex-Confederates themselves were going to be allowed back into leadership at the national level, then to so many white northerners it seemed like the war would have been fought in vain. He insisted that wealthy planters and Confederate leaders write him personally and beg for clemency.
They threw a wild party in the state capitol. NARRATOR: As the ferry approached, the man made his way to the riverbank in full view of townspeople. Segregation in America documents how millions of white Americans opposed civil rights and racial equality. Green-Meldrim House (St. John's Episcopal Church) They liked the idea of having the power to select their leaders and remove them. WALKER: In the Book of Revelations it is written that the first shall be last and the last shall be first. The narratives of these and other unknown players are interwoven with the stories of presidents and generals — Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman — and others whose lives were caught up in the epochal struggles of the era. Helen R. Russell Savannah Morning News John E. Allen He soon discovered his new neighbors were as hardened to battle as he was. Special Collections & Archives, Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University Now, the burden shifted to anyone who owned land, small farmers as well as rich planters. Ann and Steve Smith Tunis Campbell William R. Faulkner NARRATOR: Black laborers who insisted on better wages and working conditions were regularly met with threats and violence. Robert Pagliaro, FIELD AUDIO Here is, in a sense, the opportunity to become wealthy much quicker than he had ever anticipated. Jim Davis In New Orleans, hundreds of black men declared they were ready to fight for the right to vote. Education, the acquisition of property, was viewed as somehow unnatural. Black children could be seized from poor families and forced to work in the fields.
READING, FAN BUTLER: There seemed to be no remedy for this evil, the Negroes throwing all our authority to the wind, and following Campbell wherever he chose to lead them... We had no proper authorities to appeal to, should our Negroes misbehave themselves. Others petitioned Howard in writing. NARRATOR: In the spring of 1876, Marshall Twitchell risked a brief visit to Coushatta to tend to some business.
This is rich land.". A Yankee officer would venture to the most violent corner of Louisiana to try to impose order. This is a chance for a new South to emerge. TUNNELL: The concern of these ministers was not simply for Twitchell himself, but for all he represented. NARRATOR: "Freedom from slavery," Twitchell informed black laborers, "is not freedom from work."
And so they headed back South as soon as they could.
and terrifying. But, a lot members of her own family didn't like the fact that she had married a northerner, and especially one in the position of power that he was in. Thomas Smith Barnes Suddenly, the extraordinary challenge of reconstructing the nation was in the hands of ordinary men and women.
FONER: It really reveals to the country the extent of these kinds of atrocities and terrorism in the South, and it creates a political pressure for Grant to do something. How would we not expect that that experience and defeat and slaughter and tragedy would have left them in some sense wounded. They believed it should be longer in duration. His brother-in-law, Frank Edgerton, the sheriff of Coushatta, wrote him a letter warning that some of the leading men in town had formed a chapter of the White League. NARRATOR: On April 24, 1877, a crowd lined the streets of New Orleans, as the last of the federal troops stationed there marched towards the steamship that would take them away. Three days after delivering his warning, Lincoln was shot dead. Harold C. Fisher TUNNELL: It opens up possibilities for the Colemans; it opens up possibilities for him.
Jason Bowen
On January 11th, President Lincoln sent his Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton to Savannah. Jennifer Moss NARRATOR: In his first speech after the Union victory, Lincoln alluded to the enormous challenges reconstruction would bring. Library Company of Philadelphia They don't quite know what to expect, but they quickly discover that this Freedman's Bureau agent is somebody that they're going to have to deal with.
"The Democratic party will protect him in every civil right. Social Media And so she is both a young privileged woman, but she finds herself, essentially, on the battlefield. Emboldened Confederate veterans and former enslavers organized a reign of terror that effectively nullified constitutional amendments designed to provide Black people with equal protection and the right to vote. Equal Justice Initiative, “Reconstruction in America: Racial Violence after the Civil War” (2020). NARRATOR: After the war, freedmen who had secretly educated themselves quickly opened schools in warehouses, on barges, even in old slave markets.
NARRATOR: In his first speech after taking office, Johnson warned that traitors had to be punished. Ann Yoost Brecke But Washington still had no clear plan for what to do once African Americans were free. BLIGHT: Moderate Republicans were forced into the Radical camp because they had to oppose Andrew Johnson. Bring all the primers you have, and please join us." MARSTON: He needed an incident so he could bring federal troops to Coushatta. At the state convention, a mob attacked white Radical Republican delegates and their black supporters. Valentine Museum, Richmond History Center He promised to support Reconstruction but wrap it up quickly. In the winter of 1862, Union troops overran Milliken's Bend, only a few miles from Brokenburn, the family's plantation in Louisiana. He even suggested that some black men in the South might get the vote.
NARRATOR: After fierce debate, Lynch and the Republicans managed to pass the tax increase.
Your report has been successfully submitted. Kate Stone Karen MacDonald We are going to elect black judges. Congress is going to do certain things, but there's almost a kind of guerilla warfare of the domestic, of the local, of people just refusing to let society change. Former Confederates held their breath, and steeled themselves for the worst. TUNNELL : The people of the area are wary. Gordon Minard
Worse, the Democrats had taken back control of the U.S. House in the fall elections.
Fan Butler was furious. WALKER: From the point of view of the white South, the Civil War was a tragic mistake.
Jim Kindred, Military Warehouse
AYERS: Andrew Johnson embodies a lot of the hopes that Abraham Lincoln has that the Union can be put back together easily.
No. He's too famous to kill. They were not simply using the ballot, because they felt they would lose at the ballot box.
Greg French American Experience is a production of WGBH Boston, which is solely responsible for its content. NARRATOR: April 11th, 1865, two days after the end of the Civil War. In some ways, it was harder than winning the war. TUNNELL: This is the most violent place in Louisiana and probably the most violent place in the South.
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